Mouse Study Uncovers Early Trigger For Type-1 Diabetes

�Scientists at the Stanford University School of Medicine are sloughing light on how type-1 diabetes begins.



Doctors have known the disease is caused by an autoimmune flack on the pancreas, merely the exact trigger of the attack has been unclear. Now, a new study in mice implicates the immune signal interferon-alpha as an early culprit in a chain of events that upend lucre metabolism and make patients dependent on lifelong insulin injections.



"We never considered that interferon-alpha could be a major actor in early type-1 diabetes," said Qing Li, MD, PhD, a postdoctoral scholar in microbiology and immunology who was the master author of a newspaper describing the new result. The study is published in today's issue of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. "This was a pretty surprising finding."



Interferon-alpha usually helps the body battle viruses. Synthetic interferon-alpha is injected as a drug for treating hepatitis C and some forms of cancer, Li noted.



"Everybody's been wondering what process initiates type-1 diabetes," said Hugh McDevitt, MD, professor of microbiology and immunology and the study's senior author.



Type-1 diabetes is caused by complete deficiency of insulin, a endocrine that helps the body store and burn sugar. About 1 million Americans have the disease, too known as juvenile diabetes because it tends to be diagnosed in children and youth adults, for which at that place is no effective bar or cure. Diabetes is a leading cause of heart disease, blindness, limb amputations and kidney failure.



The early pathology of type-1 diabetes is hard to study in humans, McDevitt said, because it's well-nigh impossible to predict world Health Organization will get the disease and when it will develop. Scientists have relied on animate being models, such as diabetic mice, because they predictably develop high gear blood sugar and other features of the human disease.



To pinpoint interferon-alpha, Li and McDevitt worked backwards from what they knew about how type-1 diabetes starts. Prior studies in diabetic mice showed a pathogenic role for immune cells called CD4+ T cells. These cells ar an early player in the immune attack on the body's insulin factories, pancreatic genus Beta cells. The scientists used silicon gene chip technology to measure which genes ar revved up in the CD4+ T cells just before they assault the pancreas. The measurements hide into a pattern: many of the upregulated genes were known to be controlled by interferon-alpha.



To confirm the signal's nefarious role, the researchers gave mice an antibody that blocks interferon-alpha natural process several weeks before the animals were expected to develop diabetes. Thwarting interferon-alpha delayed the start of the disease by an average of four weeks, and, in 60 pct of toughened mice, it prevented diabetes entirely.



The finding confirmed the importance of interferon-alpha and helped the scientists connect the dots between normal mouse physiology and early diabetes. Mice are born with more pancreatic beta cells than they want, Li noted. The extras soon undergo programmed cell death, going away plenty of working beta cells to pump out insulin. However, in mice that develop diabetes, debris left behind by the dying cells triggers an inappropriate immune response, with lots of interferon-alpha. The interferon-alpha cues immune end of more than and more than beta cells, causing insulin deficiency and diabetes.



The mechanics may be more composite in mankind, the scientists cautioned, explaining that patch their new finding goes a long way toward explaining the beginnings of diabetes in the mice, additional genetic and environmental factors influence the human disease. But the basic principle of disease is likely the same in diabetic mice and humankind, they said.



"A normal process - programmed cell death - causes a normal response," McDevitt said. "But it does this in such a way that, in a small subset of the population, it starts them on the road to type-1 diabetes."





Li and McDevitt collaborated with Stanford colleagues Baohui Xu, PhD, fourth-year research scientist in pathology; Sara Michie, MD, professor of pathology; and Kathleen Rubins, PhD, a quondam postdoctoral assimilator at Stanford who is now a research cuss at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and with Robert Schreiber, a professor at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis.



The research was funded by grants from the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, the American Diabetes Association Mentor-Based Postdoctoral Fellowship and the National Institutes of Health.



Stanford University Medical Center integrates research, medical education and patient upkeep at its three institutions - Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Hospital & Clinics and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford. For more information, please bring down the Web site of the aesculapian center's Office of Communication & Public Affairs at http://mednews.stanford.edu/.



Source: Erin Digitale

Stanford University Medical Center




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Grand Drive

   
Artist: Grand Drive

   Genre(s): 
Other
   

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Discography:


   
 Maybe I'm A Winner

   Year: 2004   
Tracks: 3

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Grand Drive's brothers Danny Wilson (pencil lead vocals/guitar) and Julian Wilson (keyboards) were in the number 1 place from Australia, just grew up in the bouldered southwest London suburban area of Sutton in the '70s. In school, they met bassist Ed Balch and formed their showtime radical, Soul Green, with several impermanent drummers. It wasn't until 1992 that they establish a more than permanent stickman in Paul Wigens and changed their describe to Grand Drive, taking their describe from a long, meandering road in South London that connected Raynes Park (where one of the Wilsons lived) with Sutton. Grand Drive's low acquittance was "Tell It Like It Is" (it had in the first place been recorded in October 1995, merely wasn't released until November 1997 as 7" on the Vinyl Junkie label and afterwards reissued on an EP by the Vaclav imprint). The single -- like much of their real, which combines up-tempo country-rock with gloriously soulful arrangements -- was named Single of the Week by NME, wHO called it "one of the most luscious, soul-tugging singles of the year." Julian Wilson, in the meantime, took time sour to play Hammond harmonium for Gene and besides appeared on the Drawn to the Deep End record album. In May 1998, Vaclav issued Grand Drive's On a Good Day EP as a limited edition CD and 7" single. Grand Drive then came to the attention of Tom Bridgewater and Mark Rogers' London-based Loose Recordings (launched in 1998 with their genre-defining New Sounds of the Old West aLT country/American compilations). Loose issued their Wrong Notes EP in December 1998 and, in April 1999, compiled their low album, Road Music, from the three previously released EPs and deuce singles. The mathematical group returned to the studio and in September 2000, Loose released their adventurous Unfeigned Love and High Adventure album. Comprised of 11 new songs boosted with flowery train and organisation arrangements, the album -- co-produced by the Wilsons and producer Pete Hoffman -- raised the bar for orchestral country-rock. After its release, Julian moved to Paris to be with his girlfriend and the band had set any plans on hold until RCA Victor purloined the group and signed them to a substantial platter deal. The label re-released True Love and High Adventure and Road Music in April 2001. In June, RCA Victor issued the band's Wheels EP.


Approaching off a hot performance at the yearbook SXSW music league in spring 2003, Grand Drive were more than ready to departure their stateside debut in May. Grand Drive collects 13 tracks from the band's trey late albums, which were initially useable in the U.K.





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Twinhooker and Paulie Walnuts

   
Artist: Twinhooker and Paulie Walnuts

   Genre(s): 
Jungle
   

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Discography:


   
 Tune In

   Year: 2006   
Tracks: 10


   
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Tracks: 3

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Editors To Play New Material During Glastonbury Festival Set

Editors frontman Tom Smith has revealed that the band are considering airing a new song during their performance at Glastonbury later today (June 27th).



Smith said the group, who are due to perform on the Pyramid Stage, had been rehearsing the new song, entitled 'No Sound But The Wind', in the build up to the event.



Speaking to the Daily Star, he said that the band had decided they need to “step outside of our comfort zone” with today's show.



“Playing on the Pyramid Stage is a big deal. I haven’t let myself think about it as it’s such a huge show,” he added.



Smith also spoke about the birth of hist first child with Radio 1 DJ Edith Bowman.



“He’s the most amazing thing my eyes have ever seen. He’s too young for Glastonbury, though,” he said.

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SUMMER DONNA

   
Artist: SUMMER DONNA

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disco
   

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 I REMEMBER YESTERDAY

   Year: 1977   
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Willy Chirino

   
Artist: Willy Chirino

   Genre(s): 
Latin
   Latin: Dance
   

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Discography:


   
 Greatest Hits

   Year: 2000   
Tracks: 12


   
 Oro Salsero Disc 2

   Year: 1996   
Tracks: 9


   
 Oro Salsero Disc 1

   Year: 1996   
Tracks: 10


   
 Salsa

   Year:    
Tracks: 8

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Combining the musical traditions of Cuba with American rock and jazz, Cuba-born and South Florida-based vocaliser and bandleader Willie Chirino helped to create the "Miami Sound" of Salsa euphony. The composer of more than one c songs, Chirino's material has been covered by a prolonged list of artists including Raphael, Ricardo Montaner, Rocio Jurado, Celia Cruz, Oscar D'Leon, Angela Carrasco, Jorge Muniz and Nydia Caro. Chirino's song, "Soy sauce," has been recorded by more than sixty artists including The Gypsy Kings, whose rendering sold more than foursome one thousand thousand copies. Chirino likewise composed and performed the theme songs for Spanish-language video georgia home boy operas, "La Zulianita" and "Pobre Diabla."


Chirino has received numerous awards throughout his calling. He was named "World-beater" of Miami's Calle Ocho Festival in 1993. Two eld later, a section of NW 17th Avenue in Miami was christened "Willie Chirino Way". Chirino received a UNICEF awarding for his exercise for children via the Willie Chirino Foundation.


In May, 1989, Chirino opened a eating place and night club, Zarabanda, in Coral Gables, Florida.